Large imported bearings have six main application areas which are called «six golden flowers». These are computer numerical control bearings, railway vehicle bearings, mine and metallurgy bearings, engineering machinery bearings, automobile bearings and wind power bearings.

The first category is the product that is used in the computer numerical control machines. At the end of the 11th Five–Year plan, the market share of the computer numerical control increased from 30% to 50%. Based on the 2.1 billion that was achieved at 2005, the total number will reach about 7.89 billion at 2010. It means that the increasing rate is about 30% annually. At the year of 2001, there were about 17521 computer numerical control machines, while about 85000 at 2006. The increase is very obvious. And it is predicted that the number of the machines will continue increasing. Therefore, there will be more and more bearings that can be used in these machines. Among all the categories, the main shaft bearings are high value–added products. They can earn more benefits; as a result, more and more bearing factories prepare to manufacture this kind of product.

The second category is applied in the railway vehicles. According to the 11th five–year plan, there will be more and more vehicles at the year of 2010. Thus, bearings that are applied in the railway vehicles have a brighter future.

The third one is used in the mine and metallurgy areas. The quick development of the machinery industry is due to the more requirements of the energy, mine and metallurgy industry for the complete sets of equipments. From 2002 to 2006, the equipments used in the mine and metallurgy have an annual increase of 40%. Therefore, the requirements for the heavy–duty bearings will be increased as well.

The fourth type is the bearing that can be used in the engineering machinery. Pushed by the increase of the export demands, the engineering machinery develops rather quickly. It is predicted that the increasing rate of the engineering machinery will reach about 23% at 2007. So, with the development of this industry, the engineering machinery bearings will keep the development as well.

The fifth type is used in the automobiles. It is obvious that automobiles apply a lot of bearings. As we can see, with the development of the economy, more and more people can afford cars, therefore, the automobile industry is developed rather quickly which will lead to the application of more bearing products.

The sixth type can be used in the wind power industry. In today's society, wind power generation becomes more and more popular. The main products used include motor bearings, yaw bearings and gearbox bearings, etc.

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The territory where the city of Dneprodzerzhinsk is located today, belongs to five sites of Ukraine, occupied by the people during the Paleolith epoch (100–40 millennium BC). During the Kiev Russian period the territory of the future Dneprodzerzhinsk, important trading occurred with the Varangians from Greece. According to the legend, the Ukrainian Cossacks played an important role in the city's formation. The villages Romankovo and Kamenskoye, on which place Dneprodzerzhinsk is located, were founded by the Zaporozhye Cossacks. The first written mention of village Kamenskoye is dated 1750. In New Sechi (1734–1775) Kamenskoye was a part of Kodatsk of the Army Zaporozhye.

Building (1887–1889) by Polish, Belgian and French shareholders of Dneprovsky metal works on the land of the village Kamenskoye, redeemed at rural association, led to fast growth of the village. In the end of XIX – the XX–th century beginning settlements for employees and workers of factory – the Top and Bottom colonies grew. In 1896 there were 18 thousand inhabitants in Kamenskoy, and by 1913, the village had grown to 40407. In June, 1917 the Provisional government gave the village Kamenskoye the status of a city. On February, 1st, 1936 Kamenskoye was renamed Dneprodzerzhinsk. In 1938 its structure included villages Romankovo and Trituznoe. In days of industrialisation 1930–1950 in Dneprodzerzhinsk boiler–welding, nitrogen–mineral, cement and concrete factories, garment factory, car–building and a number of other enterprises were constructed.

Before the Great Patriotic War (World War II) Dneprodzerzhinsk had approximately 148, 000 inhabitants. The Great Patriotic War became a heartrending experience for the city. About 18 thousand citizens went to war on the fronts. About 11 thousand citizens were in the front lines of the war. During German occupation of the city which lasted 26 months, fascists shot 1069 citizens and 2999 persons were taken out for forced hard labour to Germany. On October, 25th, 1943 the city was released by the Soviet armies. In only 26 days after the release of the city, the first fusion at Dneprovsky metallurgical industrial complex was accomplished. The city's complete recovery was finally finished in 1950.

In the post–war period the industrial complex of the city was replenished with new factories. The Dneprodzerzhinsk HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION was placed in operation. From 1950–1980 the modern architectural shape of the city was formed. New buildings were built, especially on left bank of the Dniper River. In 1970 the city was awarded the order of the Red Labour Banner. According to the new Constitution of Ukraine, Vasily Jakovlevich Shvets was selected as mayor of Dneprodzerzhinsk that constituted as a city for the first time in 1996.

Dneprodzerzhinsk is the third city in value in area after Dnepropetrovsk and Krivoi Rog. Dneprodzerzhinsk, in its geography, history of economic development and an industrial profile has much in common with Dnepropetrovsk. Between these cities and along the rivers connecting them, railway and automobile roads connect the settlements where majority of inhabitants who work at the enterprises of both cities.

The main industries of Dneprodzerzhinsk are 1. Metallurgical – Dneprovsky metallurgical industrial complex of F. E. Dzerzhinskogo and Open Society which is one of the largest enterprises of an industrial complex in Ukraine with a full metallurgical cycle on release of 5600 thousand tons of agglomerate, 4350 thousand tons of pig–iron, 3850 thousand tons of a steel, 3829 thousand tons of ready hire. Open Society is the unique supplier in Ukraine which rents axial preparation for railway transportation, piles of type Larsen, rails contact for underground, steel grinding spheres and trumpet preparation;

1. Machine–building – Open Society Dneprovagonmash (Of the newspaper «Truth»), one of leading enterprises of Ukraine and the CIS countries on designing and manufacturing of freight cars for the main railways and various industries; 3. Chemical and cocechemistry– chemical industrial complex, 2 cocechemistry factories, DneproAzot; 4. The industry of building materials – a cement works (Open Society Dneprotsement), precast concrete factory; 5. A number of the enterprises of the food–processing industry; 6. Port on Dnepr River, a railway junction, road service station;

In Dneprodzerzhinsk there are 47 large industrial enterprises and 1188 enterprises of small and average business. The structure of industrial production of the city consists of metallurgy and metal processing (67%), chemical branch (18%), coke manufacture (5%), mechanical engineering (2%), manufacture of building materials, electric power industry, food, easy and other industries prevails. The major kinds of production are pig–iron, steel, hire, cement, coke, mineral fertilizers, the electric power, main and industrial cars. In the past few years new kinds of production of buses was introduced.

There are also 5 design and research organizations. One of the major ones is the Ukrainian State research project Institute of the Nitric industry and products of organic synthesis. The institute carries out modernization of the operation and designing of new manufacturing processes in the chemical and allied industries. Under institute projects in territory of the CIS and the far abroad it is constructed over 100 units, of them 31 – in Ukraine. Also the State project institute «Dniprodzerginsk Civil Project» having 55–year–old experience of release of the design documentation on building of a city works.

Among the city educational institutions are Dneprodzerzhinsk State Technical University, industrial, metallurgical, power, chemistry–technological, trade and economic technical schools, medical and musical schools. The Dneprodzerzhinsk State Technical University was founded April, 25th, 1920 under the decision of Ekaterinoslavsky Provincial Department of Vocational Training in the city Kamjansky (nowadays Dneprodzerzhinsk) where one of the largest metal works of the south of the country has been located. The Dneprodzerzhinsk State Technical University has passed through the stages of formation, development and blossoming. In 1920 the Dneprodzerzhinsk Technical school became a technical school with the right of release of engineers of metallurgical specialty.

According to the decision of the High council of the National economy of the USSR on May, 24th 1930, the Evening metallurgical institute was founded. In the early 1930's Kamjansky Evening Metallurgical Institute became the original educational industrial complex of all–union value in which highly skilled technical shots and Union for the iron and steel industry in Ukraine were trained. The Great Patriotic War interrupted the peace work of the university. The most valuable equipment was taken out to Magnitogorsk and other cities in the Ural Mountains along with a lot of teachers and employees of university of a steel on for Native land protection. The loss endured by institute was very large. After city dismissal the big work of updating and institute revival has begun. Gradually the metallurgical institute was restored and has now continued fruitful activity.

In 1960 the factory–technical college and Dneprodzerzhinsk evening metallurgical institute of M. I. Arsenicheva were reorganized. The factory–technical college system has displayed the kind of change which has occurred in industrial development of Dneprodzerzhinsk. In particular, development of chemical enterprises was caused by reception on specialties: chemical technology of firm fuel, automation and complex mechanization of the enterprises of the chemical industry. Further specialization of preparation of engineers in factory–technical college system changed, but the metallurgical profile continued to prevail. The further development of the high school produced a new building. In 1967 the new studying–laboratory case 1968 was erected. The student's hostel was put into operation and the Dneprodzerzhinsk high school was reorganized. There are new specialties: metallurgy and technology of welding manufacture, technology of inorganic substances and chemical fertilizers; the electric drive and automation of productions;technology of mechanical engineering, steel cutting machine tools and tools and others. The high school actually lost the metallurgical profile.

In May, 1967 Dneprodzerzhinsk Institute the factory–technical college has been reorganized in industrial institute of M. I. Arsenicheva. In its five faculties – metallurgical, technological, chemistry–technological, evening and technical about 5 thousand students studied. Preparation of engineering shots at institute was conducted in four directions: metallurgy, chemistry, mechanical engineering and power. The 1960s were characterized by growth of material base of institute, occurrence of new directions in preparation of experts and scientific researches. The main line of development of the institute has appeared in its growth, as higher educational institution and center of science. During the 1970s the institute was headed by new management;Loginov Vladimir Ivanovich became the rector of institute. During almost 25 years of his work as the rector, from 1963 to 1988 the high school has grown almost three times. New modern educational cases were built in 13, 15, 16, 17.

The high school was transformed from a small regional factory–technical college into the big modern industrial institute of republican and allied value. Entering each new decade, the Dneprodzerzhinsk Industrial Institute overcame problems that were achieved by the faculty, students, and employees. In 1970 Dneprodzerzhinsk was awarded the Labor Red Banner. The industrial institute of M. I. Arsenicheva already had in its structure six faculties: metallurgical, chemistry–technological, evening, technical. Teaching and educational and scientific work in high school was carried out by 30 chairs with 4 Doctors of sciences, professors worked; 110 candidates of sciences, senior lecturers; more than 140 teachers without scientific degrees. In 1968. V. I. Loginovym has been based the big museum of history of high school. During the early eighties an Accounting Department was founded.

The development of institute proceeded until the middle of the 1980s. Foundation for development of financial base and expansion of types of preparation of specialists, stopped up in 1960–70, settled systematic, for a few years to open new specialties and put a new complex into operation. In these years an industrial institute became a leading institute of higher in the cohort of metallurgical institutes of higher of republic, large highly skilled faculty advisers were formed, basic studying–methodical, research and educate work assignments were expressly determined, basic departments and faculties were formed, there were certain traditions and consuetudes of all collective of institute of higher.

In 1988. the rector of university was become Ogurtsov. His complex approach to working out actual problems of institute of higher life enabled gradually to transform an university to the high–quality new level. in October, 27 of 1993. The college of department of education of Ukraine a decision gave the Dneprodzerzhinsk industrial institute status of the State technical university. An institute of higher began to open new humanitarian and technical specialties: applied mathematics, jurisprudence (industrial right), machines and vehicles of food productions, metallurgy and chemistry of rare and dissipated metals, etc. In September of 1994. an economic faculty is created. For history of the existence a technical university was accumulated by

large experience of preparation of highly skilled specialists. In an institute of higher always worked and experimental specialists, teachers and scientists, work today. So, for example, in an institute fruitfully worked famous in the world metallurgist, in time academician, vice–president AN USSR of Bardin, professor Andreev (steel–worker), associate professor Brilliantov (blast–furnace operator), associate professor Poletaev (heating engineer), professor, manager by the department of Tsukanov (power engineering specialist), manager by the department of mathematics of Rubanov.

1. faculties function within the university: Metallurgical faculty, Chemistry–technological faculty, Faculty of economy and management, Faculty of sociology and philology, Faculty of electronics and computer technique, Mechanical faculty, Power faculty, Extra–mural faculty and Faculty of after diploma education.

Creating and object from a piece of metal is truly an amazing process. When looking at sculptures and metal structures one may take for granted the time, effort, and ingenuity that were required to form and create the object being admired. In fact, forming and shaping metal is challenging. Many people have devoted lifetimes to careers that focus their lives on the bending and shaping of metal.

The study of metal really is a science known as metallurgy. More specifically, the term metallurgy refers to the science responsible for studying the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements. Metallurgy is commonly used in the craft of metalworking. Metalworking, therefore, refers to the trade and practice of creating things, structures, etc. out of metal. Metalworking can be an art, hobby, industry or trade. Professionals such as blacksmiths and silversmiths have studied the trade of metalworking. Others such as jewelry makers and artists utilize metal to portray emotional states in society or to simply make the world a more beautiful place.

It is unclear when humans first began using metal for daily use, but the importance of forming and shaping metal is recorded in history. Historians believe that the first metal used was gold. Gold is a unique metal because it exists in the environment in its natural state. In other words, heat is not required to extract the metal from the ore when using gold. Gold can simply be melted down in its natural state and formed. Sooner or later, early civilizations began to use copper to make tools, weapons and jewelry. It was not long before it was discovered that tin can be added to copper to make bronze. Thus, the Bronze Age was born. The naming of historical eras after the metals that were the most influential supports the idea that metal is of vital importance to civilizations. Eventually, the extraction of iron from ore was discovered and the world moved from the Bronze to the Iron Age. Iron continues to be a widely used metal today.

Being that metal has historically been so important that periods of time were named after the most popular metal of the day; it only stands to show how important metalworkers have been throughout time. Today, many of the structures and objects that people use everyday would not exist without metallurgy and the metalworkers who study the science of metals.

Many techniques are currently used to bend and shape metal. Nowhere is technique more important for working with metal than in the area of industry. Industrial needs require metal to be formed in various shapes in order to provide the consumer with things like automobiles, household tools and appliances, and machines. Several metal forming machines and equipment have developed over the years for industrial purposes. A roll former is one example of a tool used to shape metal for industrial purposes. Roll forming is a technique where metal is shaped by several different stands. Each stand, or set of rolls, bends the metal slightly until the metal is formed to a specific requirement. Roll forming machines can be built to form metal into a variety of shapes and several tools including roll form taps can be applied to shape metal to a specification.